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KMID : 0381319640030030021
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health
1964 Volume.3 No. 3 p.21 ~ p.58
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The Report of the Physical Examination on Laborers and their Working Conditions in Korea
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Abstract
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The management of manpower is one of the fundamental factors of productivity control in modern industry. The periodic health examination is an important aspect of industrial health that manage manpower; it not only singles out the inadequate laborers but also discovers occupational diseases peculiar to a particular industry in early stage thereby enabling the management to take action against hazardous environment to improve the conditions in order to secure healthy labor force.
Should certain occupational diseases be discovered in a plant, the management can take preventive measures against them: they can also plan to secure workers. with adequate working aptitude from the time of employment.
In the past, health examination has been generally left up to the hands of the dispensary of the plant or the designated clinic and/or hospital on temporary basis. Being kept busy all the time with the routine capacity of their duty, they never had enough time and facilities to administer health examination to all workers at one time. Naturally. the health examinations of the past tended to be nominal. and anything like the discovery of occupational diseases was very rare.
According to the Article 71 of the Labor Standard Act a nationwide health examination for plant-workers was administered in 1963 in order to know the existing conditions of the workers systematically under the auspices of the Ministry of I-Iealtt and Social Affairs. The examinations were made by mobile teams of physicians and tech: cians who were specially trained in occupational diseases. They visited each. plants taking particular care to harmful environments and working processes.
Since workers were not sent to distant medical facilities, it minimized the time loss fee c:.c:h plant concerned. and the whole project was completed in a relatively short reined as well since the entire members of the plant could he examined at one time.. Every finding was listed in the individual health examination cad; and collected. these cards served to analyse and evaluate the health condition of the entire plant after a clue statistical process. Cases requiring actions were notified Lc plants concerned, and this no doubt eliminated the pitfall of the past health examinations--the errors due to inadequate statistics. It was planned originally to administer health examinations to 255,217 workers of 2,286 plants as shown in Table 1. but there have since been some changes in the number?some plants switched, somi laid off, and some refused to cooperate.
Ths present report covers the result of health exar.iinetior s administered from April to Novcmher of 1903 to 148,358 workers who were then working in 1,773 plants in Korea that had over 30 workers.
The inntial tot it number of examinees for the past five years ranordi from 100,000 to 150,000 workers. But this year, our Institute alone handled 150,000 workers; if we add 10,000 mine workers examined under the sponsorship of Korea Coal Mining Corporation and 40,000 workers examined by many independent plants, the total number of health examinees for the year is well over 200,000.
We sampled 198 plants out of these plants in order to determine the harmful environmental conditions and conditions of their management and control.
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